The spirals are not readily seen unless immunofluorescent stain or dark field illumination is employed. 螺旋体不易观察除非在荧光显微镜或暗视野显微镜观察。
Design of Annular Lens Dark Field Vertical Illumination System and Its Focal Distance Offset Characteristics 环形透镜暗场落射照明系统设计及其焦移特性的研究
Generally, these microscopes are equipped with bright field, dark field, polarized light, and differential interference contrast ( DIC) illumination. 一般均装备有明视场、暗视场、偏振光、DIC等常用的照明方式。